最近做了个领取微信卡券的小程序,看了很多文档资料以及花了很多时间才算搞定的,不过也算是好事多磨,这边记录分享一下,也算给一点提升。一、开发前准备1:申请微信公众号 和 微信小程序,这是两个不同的东西,都需要单独申请、不同的帐号;2:微信公众号需要开通微信卡券的功能;3:在微信公众号里面去绑定小程序;4:申请微信开放平台,并将微信公众号 和 微信小程序绑定到该开放平台。(注:绑定到开发平台下的作用只是为了获取unionid,因为同一用户在 公众号 和 小程序下获得的openid是不一样的,如果公众号 和 小程序都需要领取卡券,则最好通过unionid来跟踪用户;如果你只是开发微信小程序的领取卡券,则完全可以忽略第4点,博主本人也没有去绑定到微信开放平台,感觉步骤好多,特别麻烦!)二、开始开通投影机小程序电话:4006-838-530开发1:获取微信卡券https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1451025272这边可以直接通过微信公众号提供的接口获取或者创建微信的卡券,此处不过多介绍,只是提一下这边要获取的access_token,网址如下https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421140183,代码直接如下:private static String grantType = "client_credential";public static String appId = "";//微信公众号appid public static String secret = "";//微信公众号密钥public static AccessToken token = null;//微信公众号的accessToken对象,由于请求次数有限制,这里使用全局静态变量保存起来public static AccessToken getToken() throws WeixinException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException{if(token == null || token.getExpires_in() < System.currentTimeMillis()){//拼接参数String param = "?grant_type=" + grantType + "&appid=" + appId + "&secret=" + secret;//创建请求对象 HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient(); //调用获取access_token接口 Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token" + param); System.out.println(res.asString()); ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); token = mapper.readValue(res.asString(),AccessToken.class);} return token;}
其中需要jackson和weixin4j的jar包,比较普遍,请自行下载;而AccessToken对象也比较简单,就errcode、errmsg、access_token、expires_in这四个参数,比较简单,在文章结尾贴代码2:升级微信卡券其实这个步骤也可以省略,升级微信卡券的目的是可以直接从微信卡券跳转到对应的小程序,博主就偷懒了,直接跳过了这个步骤;不过升级卡券也比较简单,就是调用调用微信公众号的更改微信卡券接口(URL:https://api.weixin.qq.com/card/update?access_token=TOKEN),添加几个字段,可以参考微信官方文档3.1,链接如下:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/announce?action=getannouncement&key=1490190158&version=1&lang=zh_CN&platform=23:领取卡券3.1:先获取openId小程序端代码,通过调用wx.login获取code,再调用https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session接口获取openid,博主看到很多例子是直接从小程序端调用这个接口,但我事实中发现是行不通的,因为这个域名无法添加到小程序的request合法域名中,微信给的说明是不要在前端调用这个接口,需要通过后台,那没办法喽 wx.login({ success: function (res) { var service_url = 'https://???/???/weixin/api/login?code=' + res.code;//需要将服务器域名添加到小程序的request合法域名中,而且必须是https开头 wx.request({ url: l, data: {}, method: 'GET', success: function (res) { console.log(res); if (res.data != null && res.data != undefined && res.data != '') { wx.setStorageSync("openid", res.data.openid);//将获取的openid存到缓存中 } } }); } });
后端java代码 /** * 小程序后台登录,向微信平台发送获取access_token请求,并返回openId * @param code * @return 用户凭证 * @throws WeixinException * @throws IOException * @throws JsonMappingException * @throws JsonParseException */ @RequestMapping("login") @ResponseBody public Map<String, Object> login(String code, HttpServletRequest request) throws WeixinException, JsonParseE开通SUV小程序电话:4006-838-530xception, JsonMappingException, IOException { if (code == null || code.equals("")) { throw new WeixinException("invalid null, code is null."); } Map<String, Object> ret = new HashMap<String, Object>(); //拼接参数 String param = "?grant_type=" + grant_type + "&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret + "&js_code=" + code; System.out.println("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session" + param); //创建请求对象 HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient(); //调用获取access_token接口 Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session" + param); //根据请求结果判定,是否验证成功 JSONObject jsonObj = res.asJSONObject(); if (jsonObj != null) { Object errcode = jsonObj.get("errcode"); if (errcode != null) { //返回异常信息 throw new WeixinException(getCause(Integer.parseInt(errcode.toString()))); } ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); OAuthJsToken oauthJsToken = mapper.readValue(jsonObj.toJSONString(),OAuthJsToken.class); ret.put("openid", oauthJsToken.getOpenid()); } return ret; }
其中OAuthJsToken对象的字段为:openid、expires_in、session_key(会话密钥) ,在文章结尾贴代码;3.2:生成领取卡券的签名,并调用wx.addCard方法领取卡券这边写贴java后端代码 public static ApiTicket ticket = null;//使用全局静态变量存储ApiTicket对象,当然如果使用缓存框架保存当然更好,这边只是做一个简单示例/** * @Description: 获取领取卡券获取签名等参数 * @param cardId:需要领取的卡券的cardId * @return * @throws WeixinException * @throws JsonParseException * @throws JsonMappingException * @throws IOException */@RequestMapping("getCardSign")@ResponseBodypublic Map<String, String> getCardSign(String cardId) throws WeixinException, JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException{Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();//先要获取api_ticket,由于请求api_ticket的接口访问有次数限制,所以最好将获得到的api_ticket保存到缓存中,这边做法比较简单,直接使用的静态变量if(ticket == null || ticket.getExpires_in() < System.currentTimeMillis()){//创建请求对象 HttpsClient http = new HttpsClient(); ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); AccessToken token = OpenApi.getToken();//这里获取的token就是最上方代码保存的微信公众号全局静态变量token //通过access_token调用获取api_ticket接口 Response res = http.get("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + token.getAccess_token() + "&type=wx_card"); System.out.println(res.asString())开通车秒拍小程序电话:4006-838-530; ticket = mapper.readValue(res.asString(), ApiTicket.class); } ret = sign(ticket.getTicket(), cardId);//生成领取卡券需要的签名,并返回相关的参数 for (Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue()); } return ret;}/** * @Description: 生成卡券需要的签名并返回参数 * @param api_ticket: * @param cardId:需要领取的卡券的cardId * @return */public static Map<String, String> sign(String api_ticket, String cardId) { Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>(); String nonce_str = create_nonce_str(); String timestamp = create_timestamp(); String signature = ""; String param[] = new String[4]; param[0] = nonce_str; param[1] = timestamp; param[2] = api_ticket; param[3] = cardId; Arrays.sort(param);//对参数的value值进行字符串的字典序排序 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(String b : param){ sb.append(b); } System.out.println(sb); //对上面拼接的字符串进行sha1加密,得到signature try{ MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); crypt.reset(); crypt.update(sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8")); signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest()); }catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } //返回领取卡券需要的参数,其中nonceStr和timestamp必须和签名中的保持一致 ret.put("card_id", cardId); ret.put("api_ticket", api_ticket); ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str); ret.put("timestamp", timestamp); ret.put("signature", signature); return ret; }
其中ApiTicket对象的属性有:errcode、errmsg、ticket、expires_in,在文章结尾贴出该代码再贴小程序端代码 var that = this; var service_url = 'https://???/???/weixin/api/getCardSign?cardId=' + cardId;//需要将服务器域名添加到小程序的request合法域名中,而且必须是https开头 wx.request({ url: service_url, data: {}, method: 'GET', success: function (res) { console.log(res); wx.addCard({ cardList: [{ cardId: that.data.cardId, cardExt: '{"code":"","openid":"","timestamp":' + res.data.timestamp + ',"nonce_str":"' + res.data.nonceStr + '","signature":"' + res.data.signature + '"}' }],//这里需要注意的是cardExt参数的value值是 String类型,不要使用对象发送;另外openid如果在创建优惠券的时候没有指定,则这边为空,千万不要填写当前用户的openid success: function (result) { console.log(res); wx.showToast({ title: '领取成功', icon: 'success', duration: 2000 }); }, fail: function (res) { console.log('领取失败'); console.log(res); } }) } });
ok,如果领取成功,可以直接到微信卡包里面查看。下面贴出AccessToken、ApiTicket、OAuthJsToken的java模型代码public class BaseResponse {private int errcode;private String errmsg;public int getErrcode() {return errcode;}public void setErrcode(int errcode) {this.errcode = errcode;}public String getErrmsg() {return errmsg;}public void setErrmsg(String errmsg) {this.errmsg = errmsg;}}public class AccessToken extends BaseResponse{private String access_token;private long expires_in;public String getAccess_token() {return access_token;}public void setAccess_token(String access_token) {this.access_token = access_token;}public long getExpires_in() {return expires_in;}public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) {this.expires_in = System.currentTimeMillis() + (expires_in - 100) * 1000;//原expires_in是有效时长,比如:7200,现改为过期的时间戳}}public class ApiTicket extends BaseResponse{private String ticket;private long expires_in;public String getTicket() {return ticket;}public void setTicket(String ticket) {this.ticket = ticket;}public long getExpires_in() {return expires_in;}public void setExpires_in(long expires_in) {this.expires_in = System.currentTimeMillis() + (expires_in - 100) * 1000;//原expires_in是有效时长,比如:7200,现改为过期的时间戳}}public class OAuthJsToken {private String openid;//用户唯一标识private int expires_in = 7200;//凭证有效时间,单位:秒private String session_key;//会话密匙private long exprexpiredTime;//过期时间public String getOpenid() {return openid;}public void setOpenid(String openid) {this.openid = openid;}public int getExpires_in() {return expires_in;}public void setExpires_in(int expires_in) {this.expires_in = expires_in;this.exprexpiredTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expires_in * 1000;}public String getSession_key() {return session_key;}public void setSession_key(String session_key) {this.session_key = session_key;}public long getExprexpiredTime() {return exprexpiredTime;}public void setExprexpiredTime(long exprexpiredTime) {this.exprexpiredTime = exprexpiredTime;}/** * 判断用户凭证是否过期 * * @return 过期返回 true,否则返回false */ public boolean isExprexpired() { return System.currentTimeMillis() >= this.exprexpiredTime; }}
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